{"id":241,"date":"2014-08-18T15:49:41","date_gmt":"2014-08-18T19:49:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/?page_id=241"},"modified":"2014-08-25T13:42:37","modified_gmt":"2014-08-25T17:42:37","slug":"plantations-de-peuplier-hybride-en-friche-agricole-un-outil-de-restauration-de-la-foret","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/?page_id=241","title":{"rendered":"Plantations de peuplier hybride en friche agricole : un outil de restauration de la for\u00eat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-393 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plantation-dans-une-fiche.jpg\" alt=\"Arbres plant\u00e9s en friche agricole\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plantation-dans-une-fiche.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plantation-dans-une-fiche-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plantation-dans-une-fiche-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>Mise en contexte<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans le sud du Qu\u00e9bec, des milliers d\u2019hectares de terres agricoles marginales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9s depuis une soixantaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. En l\u2019absence d\u2019interventions humaines, ces friches agricoles vont graduellement se transformer pour \u00e9ventuellement redevenir des for\u00eats. On appelle ce processus la succession foresti\u00e8re. Toutefois, la grande comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des plantes herbac\u00e9es typiques des champs, pour l\u2019eau et les nutriments du sol, cr\u00e9e un environnement inhospitalier pour l\u2019\u00e9tablissement naturel de la plupart des esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, voire m\u00eame un si\u00e8cle, peuvent s\u2019\u00e9couler avant qu\u2019une friche domin\u00e9e par les plantes herbac\u00e9es se transforme en jeune for\u00eat, m\u00eame lorsque des arbres semenciers se trouvent \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. C\u2019est dans cette perspective que la plantation d\u2019arbres \u00e0 croissance rapide constitue un outil de restauration int\u00e9ressant. En transformant un milieu ouvert en milieu bois\u00e9 en l\u2019espace de 10 \u00e0 20 ans, le peuplier hybride peu favoriser l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des arbres et arbustes indig\u00e8nes, mais \u00e9galement des plantes herbac\u00e9es associ\u00e9es au milieu forestier naturel.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-242 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/gaulis_bouleau_jaune.png\" alt=\"gaulis_bouleau_jaune\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/gaulis_bouleau_jaune.png 200w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/gaulis_bouleau_jaune-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/gaulis_bouleau_jaune-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Dispositif exp\u00e9rimental<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9valuation du potentiel des plantations de peuplier comme outil de restauration de la for\u00eat a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le m\u00eame dispositif exp\u00e9rimental que celui utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer le <a title=\"Rendement des plantations de peuplier hybride sur les terres agricoles abandonn\u00e9es\" href=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/?page_id=214\">rendement des plantations de peuplier hybride sur des terres agricoles abandonn\u00e9es<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Faits saillants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Les plantations de peuplier acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un microclimat forestier sur les terres en friche<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Au cours de la 10<sup>e<\/sup> saison de croissance, le potentiel des plantations de peuplier hybride \u00e0 recr\u00e9er des attributs forestiers a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9 sur 8 sites et a \u00e9t\u00e9 compar\u00e9 \u00e0 celui des champs abandonn\u00e9s et des bois\u00e9s adjacents.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les principaux r\u00e9sultats sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-354 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/fermeture-du-couvert.jpg\" alt=\"Ouverture du couvert forestier\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/fermeture-du-couvert.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/fermeture-du-couvert-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/fermeture-du-couvert-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><br \/>\nLe peuplier acc\u00e9l\u00e8re grandement la fermeture du couvert forestier par rapport \u00e0 la succession naturelle en champs abandonn\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Sur les sites plus productifs (o\u00f9 les peupliers \u00e9taient plus gros), les plantations de peuplier avaient une ouverture de la canop\u00e9e et une biomasse de liti\u00e8re similaire \u00e0 celles des bois\u00e9s naturels adjacents.<\/li>\n<li>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol \u00e9taient similaires entre les plantations et les champs abandonn\u00e9s, mais bien diff\u00e9rentes des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol des bois\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Les plantations de peuplier ont favoris\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des semis d\u2019arbres indig\u00e8nes par rapport aux champs abandonn\u00e9s, particuli\u00e8rement pour les fr\u00eanes et les bouleaux.<\/li>\n<li>La richesse des plantes herbac\u00e9es et des arbustes indig\u00e8nes \u00e9tait l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sup\u00e9rieure dans les plantations de peuplier comparativement aux\u00a0champs abandonn\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019hybride issu de la famille des peupliers baumiers (MxB) semble acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer davantage la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019attributs forestiers que l\u2019hybride issu de la famille des peupliers delto\u00efdes (DxN).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-77 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/restauration_foret.png\" alt=\"restauration de la for\u00eat\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/restauration_foret.png 200w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/restauration_foret-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/restauration_foret-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En conclusion, ces r\u00e9sultats montrent que les plantations de peuplier hybride peuvent agir comme catalyseur de la succession naturelle en cr\u00e9ant, en l\u2019espace d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie, un microclimat favorable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la flore foresti\u00e8re indig\u00e8ne, autant pour les esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres que pour les plantes herbac\u00e9es de sous-bois.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9introduire des plantes herbac\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res dans des plantations de 10 ans, c\u2019est possible!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Au cours de la 10<sup>e<\/sup> et 11<sup>e<\/sup> saison de croissance, la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;introduire des plantes herbac\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res vuln\u00e9rables (gingembre sauvage, trille blanc, sanguinaire du Canada) dans les plantations de peupliers a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e. Un total de 1 636 plants d\u2019herbac\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res typiques des \u00e9rabli\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9s dans 6\u00a0plantations de peuplier et dans 6\u00a0bois\u00e9s adjacents.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les principaux r\u00e9sultats sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-79 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/formation_etudiants.png\" alt=\"formation d'\u00e9tudiants\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/formation_etudiants.png 200w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/formation_etudiants-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/formation_etudiants-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>Apr\u00e8s 2 ans, les esp\u00e8ces de plantes foresti\u00e8res plant\u00e9es sous les peupliers hybrides \u00e9taient stables ou en croissance.<\/li>\n<li>La sanguinaire affichait une meilleure croissance en plantation de peuplier qu\u2019en bois\u00e9 alors que l\u2019inverse a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pour le trille blanc.<\/li>\n<li>Le gingembre sauvage et la smilacine \u00e0 grappes avaient une croissance similaire dans les plantations et les bois\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Sur les sites o\u00f9 le cerf est abondant, il est important de prot\u00e9ger les plantes avec une cl\u00f4ture ou un grillage.<\/li>\n<li>Parmi les plantations de peuplier, celles \u00e9tablies sur un sol riche en basse altitude et ayant un couvert arborescent relativement ferm\u00e9 (moins de 15 % de ciel visible \u00e0 travers le couvert arborescent) se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es les plus propices \u00e0 la r\u00e9introduction des plantes herbac\u00e9es foresti\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En conclusion, il est bien connu que plusieurs plantes foresti\u00e8res ne pourront pas coloniser rapidement les for\u00eats secondaires issues de l\u2019abandon de culture et les plantations, en raison de la tr\u00e8s lente dispersion naturelle de leurs graines. C\u2019est le cas de la sanguinaire, des trilles, du gingembre sauvage et des violettes dont les graines sont dispers\u00e9es par les fournis. Il est possible de surmonter ce probl\u00e8me en r\u00e9introduisant ces plantes dans le sous-bois de plantations suffisamment matures ou de jeunes for\u00eats. Les plantations de peuplier pourraient \u00e9galement servir d\u2019environnement pour la culture de certaines de ces plantes qui ont un potentiel \u00e9conomique comme produit forestier non ligneux (PFNL), une alternative durable \u00e0 la r\u00e9colte dans les milieux naturels.<br \/>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-0\">    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 604px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 120px;            width: 120px !important;          }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    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jQuery(that).parents(\".pagination-links\").data(\"pages-count\");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspider_page_0(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\t\t\t\t\t\t          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_0').on('click', function () {            spider_page_0(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      <\/script>      <\/span>                <\/div>        <\/form>              <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Documentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Deux articles scientifiques, un article de vulgarisation, un m\u00e9moire de ma\u00eetrise sont disponibles en lien avec ce projet.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boothroyd-Roberts, K., D. Gagnon, et B. Truax. 2013. Hybrid poplar plantations are suitable habitat for reintroduced forest herbs with conservation status. SpringerPlus 2:1-13. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerplus.com\/content\/2\/1\/507\" target=\"_blank\">www.springerplus.com\/content\/2\/1\/507<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boothroyd-Roberts, K., D. Gagnon, et B. Truax. 2013. Can hybrid poplar plantations accelerate the restoration of forest understory attributes on abandoned fields? Forest Ecology and Management 287:77-89.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378112712005555\" target=\"_blank\">www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0378112712005555<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boothroyd-Roberts, K. 2011. Restoring forest habitat on abandoned fields using hybrid poplar plantations: understory attributes and suitability for forest understory plants. M\u00e9moire de ma\u00eetrise en Sciences de l\u2019environnement, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al (QC), Canada. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.archipel.uqam.ca\/4023\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.archipel.uqam.ca\/4023\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"Apple-style-span\">&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Boothroyd-Roberts, K., D. Gagnon, et B. Truax. 2010. En sous-bois de plantations de peupliers hybrides, une nouvelle vie pour les plantes foresti\u00e8res. Progr\u00e8s Forestier (Automne 2010):12-16.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.afsq.org\/excursion_conference\/documents\/plantes_forestieres_plantations_peupliers_hybrides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">www.afsq.org\/excursion_conference\/documents\/plantes_forestieres_plantations_peupliers_hybrides.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mise en contexte Dans le sud du Qu\u00e9bec, des milliers d\u2019hectares de terres agricoles marginales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9s depuis une soixantaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. En l\u2019absence d\u2019interventions humaines, ces friches agricoles vont graduellement se transformer pour \u00e9ventuellement redevenir des for\u00eats. On appelle ce processus la succession foresti\u00e8re. Toutefois, la grande comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des plantes herbac\u00e9es typiques des champs, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":20,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-241","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=241"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":394,"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions\/394"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frfce.qc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}